Electric Vehicle Industry Growth, Trends, Analysis and Forecast 2021-2027
The
electric vehicle industry in India is growing at a faster rate. Electric
mobility will contribute to balancing energy demand, energy storage, and
environmental sustainability. Unlike internal combustion engines (ICE) vehicles
which produce a high amount of greenhouse gases into the environment, EVs
produce zero carbon emission. The growing concern over the environmental
pollution generated by the ICE is the major reason for the adoption of electric
vehicles and replacing them with ICE engine vehicles. Further, cohesive
government policies and the introduction of various new EV models are also
fueling the Indian electric vehicle industry. The reducing cost of the EV due
to the decreased prices of Li-ion batteries and fluctuating prices of fossil
fuels are also augmenting the growth of the EV market in India. In July 2019,
the government of India (GoI) reduced the Goods and Service Tax on electric
vehicles from 12.0% to 5.0% which will also raise the adoption of EVs in India.
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Government Policies and Subsidies
The Central
and State government of India has taken initiative by providing incentives and
subsidies to promote electric mobility. Besides this, the Government of India
has also come up with various schemes plan for both electric vehicle production
and charging infrastructure associated with it.
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Faster
Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FAME): The Indian
government has adopted the FAME-I scheme for faster adoption and manufacturing
of hybrid electric vehicles with an outlay of $130 million to providing
subsidies to electric cars, buses, and 2 & 3 -wheelers. This phase was lasted from 2015-2019, while
the second phase, FAME II was being activated in 2019 under which an outlay of
$1.4 billion for purchasing EVs and deployment of charging infrastructure. For
instance, under FAME phase II, the government has allocated around $145 million
for EV charging infrastructure. The fund is allotted for the next three
financial years from April 2019 to April 2022, with a ratio of 3:4:3. Under the
scheme, the government has planned to develop 2,700 charging stations in
metros, and other cities that have a population of more than a million.
National
Electric Mobility Mission Plan (2020): The plan was launched by the Government
of India with aiming to achieve national fuel security by promoting hybrid and
electric vehicles in the country. FAME is part of this plan.
Delhi EV Subsidies:
·
According to the Delhi electric policy 2020, a
purchase Incentive of Rs. 10,000/- per kWh of battery capacity shall be
provided per electric four-wheeler (subject to a maximum incentive of
Rs.1,50,000/- per vehicle) to the registered owners of the first 1000 e-cars to
be registered in Delhi after the insurance of this policy.
·
For a two-wheeled electric vehicle, a purchase
incentive of Rs. 5,000/per kWh of battery capacity shall be provided per
vehicle to the registered owner and subject to a maximum incentive of Rs.
30,000/- per vehicle.
·
A Purchase Incentive of Rs. 30,000/- per vehicle
shall be provided to the registered owner for the purchase of one E-rickshaw or
one E-cart per individual. This incentive shall apply to all E-rickshaws and
E-carts, including the models with lead-acid batteries and swappable models,
where the battery is not sold with the vehicle.
Advancement in charging infrastructure-
The
availability of improper charging infrastructure is the major challenge of the
Indian EV industry. EV charging and battery swapping are two means for
providing energy to a vehicle. The Indian EV market is majorly affected due to
a lack of proper charging infrastructure that leads to less adoption of EVs. In
this regard, the Ministry of Power has issued “Charging Infrastructure for
Electric Vehicles – Guidelines and Standards” mentioning the roles and
responsibilities of various stakeholders at the Central & State level, for
expediting the development of public EV charging infrastructure across the
country. As per the FAME-II Scheme, Government has planned to install 2,636
charging stations in 62 cities across 24 states and union territories in 2020
but this plan was delayed due to the Covid-19. Under this Scheme, a total fund
of $1.4 billion was allocated for 1.6 million EVs of which $140 million have
been allocated for the development of EV charging infrastructure. The Indian
government is planning to bring an additional 2,600 EV charging stations online
expected in 2026.
Electric Vehicle Sells in India
Battery
electric vehicle has the highest share in the Indian EV market. The electric
vehicle sales increased by 20% excluding E-rickshaws in 2019-2020 as per the
Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicle (SMEV). Around 1.56 lakh EVs sold
in 2019-2020, under this Electric two-wheedler accounted for nearly 97.5% of
all EVs sold in FY20.
Challenges for the EV Market in India
There is no
shortfall for government incentives in India still the production and availability
of electric vehicle is less. Some of the challenges that become the barrier to
the growth of EV markets are:
·
Poor charging infrastructure.
·
High manufacturing cost.
·
EV range anxiety among consumers.
·
The high price of EVs in the Indian Market.
·
Import of lithium-ion batteries from other
countries.
·
Scarcity of repair option and after purchase
assistance.
·
Improper supply of electricity in underdeveloped
areas in India.
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Electric Vehicle and New Launches in the Indian
EV Market:
·
The electric model by Tata company, Tata Tigor
EV with a price range of ($15,000-$18,000) is the cheapest EV model in the
Indian market.
·
Mercedes-Benz EQC is the most expensive electric
car in the Indian market with a cost of $140,000. Followed by Tata Nexon EV
($19,000 -$23,000), MG ZS EV ($29,000 - $33,000), Hyundai Kona Electric
($33,000).
·
JBM auto launched electric bus ECO-LIFEe-9,
incorporated with fast charging lithium batteries with (125-150) km in a single
charge.
·
Mahindra & Mahindra launched the eKUV100
electric model with a price range of Rs 8.25 lakh along with a 147km range
capacity.
·
The new Ather 450X Scooter with a price range of
$1,362 comes up with advanced improvement than its previous model Ather 450.
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